Communication technologies in the Internet of Things include long-distance wireless communication and short-distance wireless communication. This article will talk about short-distance wireless communication networking technology. As the wireless communication technology of the Internet of Things continues to innovate, we commonly see short-distance wireless communication technologies such as Zigbee, WiFi, Bluetooth, and LoRa.
Tecnología de redes de comunicación inalámbricas de corta distancia
1. LoRa communication technology
LoRa is a kind of LPWAN communication technology. It is an ultra-long-distance wireless transmission solution based on spread spectrum technology adopted and promoted by Semtech Company in the United States. This solution changes the previous trade-off between transmission distance and power consumption, providing users with a simple system that can achieve long distance, long battery life, and large capacity, thereby expanding the sensor network. Currently, LoRa mainly operates in free frequency bands around the world, including 433, 868, and 915 MHz, etc.
Standard: LoRaWAN
Frequency: 433, 868, 915 MHz
Communication distance: 3- 8 km
Data rate: 30kb/s~180kb/s [depending on the product itself and communication distance]
Seguridad: alta
Application scenarios: oil fields, remote meter reading
Advantages: low power consumption, long communication distance, supports multiple networking methods
Disadvantages: spectrum interference. As the deployment of LoRa devices and networks increases, there will be certain spectrum interference between them.
2. ZigBee communication technology
The name ZigBee comes from the eight-character dance of bees. Bees rely on flying and zig-zagging their wings to communicate the location of pollen to their companions. In this way, they form a communication network in the group. ZigBee technology is suitable for automatic control and remote control fields and can be embedded in various devices.
Norma: 802.15.4
Frecuencia: 868 MHz-868,6 MHz, 902 MHz-928 MHz y 2,4 GHz-2,4835 GHz
Velocidad de transmisión de datos: 20 kbps, 40 kbps y 250 kbps
Distancia de comunicación: 20-350 m
Seguridad: Media
Ámbitos de aplicación: vehículos industriales, agricultura, asistencia sanitaria, hogar inteligente
Advantages: low power consumption, low cost, low latency, large network capacity, short distance, support for Mash network
Desventajas: escasa capacidad para atravesar paredes, mayor coste, escasa capacidad de autoorganización de la red, bajo rendimiento frente a las interferencias
3. Wifi communication technology
Short-range wireless communication technology, WiFi connections are often a priority for many developers, especially given the popularity of WiFi in home environments within local area networks. In addition to being clearly stated, the existing infrastructure is extensive and provides fast data transfer and the ability to process large amounts of data.
Estándar: Basado en 802.11n
Frecuencia: 2,4 GHz, banda de frecuencia de 5 GHz
Velocidad de transmisión de datos: 600 Mbps como máximo, entre 150 y 200 Mbps (típica).
Distancia de comunicación: 20-300 m
Seguridad: baja
Casos de uso: hogares inteligentes, autobuses inteligentes, metro, parques
Ventajas: amplia cobertura, fácil de usar, bajo coste
Desventajas: distancia de comunicación limitada, elevados riesgos de seguridad, escasa estabilidad, elevado consumo energético y escasas capacidades de conexión en red
4. Bluetooth communication technology
Short-distance wireless communication technology Bluetooth uses short-baud high-frequency (UHF) radio waves and uses frequency-hopping technology to resist signal fading; fast frequency hopping and short packet technology can reduce co-channel interference and ensure transmission reliability; forward error correction Coding technology can reduce the impact of random noise during long-distance transmission; FM modulation can be used to reduce the complexity of equipment, etc.
Norma: Especificaciones básicas de Bluetooth 4.2
Frecuencia: de 2,4 a 2,485 GHz
Distancia de comunicación: 10-300 m
Velocidad de transmisión de datos: 1 Mbps
Seguridad: alta
Ámbitos de aplicación: teléfonos móviles, hogares inteligentes, dispositivos wearables
Ventajas: bajo consumo, baja latencia, compatibilidad con redes complejas, conexión inteligente
Desventajas: distancia de transmisión reducida, velocidad de transmisión media, incompatibilidad de protocolos entre distintos dispositivos, capacidades de conexión en red limitadas y problemas de interferencias de ondas de radio en la frecuencia de 2,4 GHz
Palabras clave de este artículo: LoRa communication technology, industrial-grade LoRa RTU
