qué es la interrupción

iot-es
18 de diciembre de 2023
9h50

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What is interrupt?

(1) La invención de las interrupciones se utilizó para resolver las necesidades macro-paralelas. Macro significa verlo como un todo, y paralelo significa que se completan múltiples cosas.

(2) Microscopic parallelism refers to true parallelism, which means that multiple things are happening at the same time, accurate to every second or even every moment. Parallelism at the macro level is not equal to parallelism at the micro level. Sometimes it is parallel at the macro level and serial at the micro level.

(3) En el ejemplo, una persona está viendo una película. Cuando llega el mensajero, interrumpe la película y corre a recogerlo. Después de recibirlo, vuelve a ver la película. Este ejemplo es paralelismo macroscópico y serialización microscópica. En el ejemplo, una persona equivale a una CPU (es decir, una CPU de un solo núcleo) en el SoC. Esta CPU no puede recibir entregas exprés cuando ve películas, y no puede ver películas cuando recibe entregas exprés (es decir, no puede ser verdaderamente paralela). Una CPU mononúcleo es serie desde una perspectiva microscópica, pero como la CPU es muy rápida, puede ser paralela desde una perspectiva macroscópica.

(4) In the above example, most of the time is spent watching movies, and a small amount of time is spent collecting express delivery. So analogously to the CPU, watching movies should be a regular task of the CPU, while receiving express delivery should be an interrupt routine. That is to say, the CPU has been performing the task of watching movies. When the express arrives (an interruption occurs), the courier (similar to the interrupt source) will call someone to pick up the express (the interrupt source will trigger an interrupt to notify the CPU to resume the regular task), and continue performing regular tasks)

(5) ¿Por qué son necesarias las interrupciones? Porque una CPU mononúcleo no puede ser realmente paralela, pero a través del mecanismo de interrupción se puede conseguir un falso paralelismo (paralelo en sentido macro, pero serie en sentido micro).

Computer terminology

Interrupción significa que cuando se producen algunas situaciones inesperadas durante el funcionamiento del ordenador y requieren la intervención del host, la máquina puede detener automáticamente el programa en ejecución y transferirlo al programa que se ocupa de la nueva situación. Una vez finalizado el procesamiento, vuelve al programa original suspendido para continuar la ejecución.

Explicación terminológica

Refers to the entire process in which the processor handles emergencies that occur during the running of the program. During the running of the program, if an emergency occurs outside the system, within the system, or in the current program itself, the processor immediately stops the running of the current program and automatically switches to the corresponding processing program. (Interrupt service routine). After the processing is completed, return to the original program operation; this whole process is called a program interrupt.

When the processor accepts the interrupt, it only needs to pause for one or several cycles without executing the interrupt handler, which is called a program interrupt. It is a simple interrupt.

Interrupts can be divided into two categories: masked interrupts and non-maskable interrupts. Interrupts that can be controlled by the program are called masked interrupts or maskable interrupts. When masked, the processor will not accept interrupts. On the contrary, they cannot be controlled by the program. Interrupts that are shielded and must be processed immediately by the processor are called non-maskable interrupts or unmaskable interrupts.

Non-maskable interrupts are mainly used for situations such as power outages and power failures that must be processed immediately. When the processor responds to an interrupt, there is no need to execute a query program. An interrupt that sends a vector address to the CPU from the responded interrupt source is called a vector interrupt, and vice versa is a non-vector interrupt. Vector interrupts can improve the interrupt response speed.